REGIONALE VULKAN KARTE
EUROPA- VORDERASIEN- NAHER OSTEN- mit antiken Stätten
WORLD VOLCANO MAP/ REGION: EUROPE- WESTERN ASIA
- NEAR EAST- with ancient sites
click here for Earthquake map 2012
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21- GRIMSVOETN- MAY- 31- 2011
21-GRIMSVOETN
find with Google Earth >
last update/ USGS :
JUNE- 07- 2011
unknown
last activity report- MAY- 25- 31- 2011 by:
Smithsonian/ USGS
According to scientists from the Institute of Earth Sciences at the University of Iceland and the Icelandic Meteorological Office, explosive activity occurred from four tephra cones surrounded by water in Grímsvötn's crater during the evening of 24 May. Pulsating ash plumes rose a few kilometers above the cones, producing only local fallout of material. Seismic tremor decreased. On 25 May, observers noted steam bursts from the crater. Tephra fallout was noted only in the vicinity of the eruption site. Pilots reported widespread ash in layers 5-7 km W of the volcano and also some ash haze below 3 km (9,800 ft) a.s.l. to the SW. Seismic tremor decreased considerably. On 26 May minor steam explosions continued from the crater. According to news articles, air traffic disruption was reduced to parts of Norway and Sweden. On 28 May tremor rapidly decreased then disappeared, and on 30 May participants on the Iceland Glaciological Society's spring expedition confirmed that the eruption had ended. Satellite imagery and visual observations showed that only small amounts of ice melted during the eruption; no signs of flooding had been detected.
update( May- 26: : activity has meanwhile decreased.
notes: The nearby Hekla volcano massive ( Nr 20 on map) has already formed out a bulge on the surface and might erupt soon, resp at any unknown time!
provided by: Smithsonian inst/ world volcanism program)
- latest activity history :
video
year
begin
alert level
end
Deutsch
Engl
English
other
Spiegel
(BBC)
2011
MAY- 21
May- 31?
According to scientists from the Institute of Earth Sciences at the University of Iceland and the Icelandic Meteorological Office, an eruption from the subglacial Grímsvötn volcano began on 21 May following about an hour of tremor. A GPS-station on the rim of the Grímsvötn caldera had revealed continuous inflation and expansion of few centimeters per year since the 2004 eruption, interpreted as inflow of magma to a shallow chamber. Other precursors over the previous few months were increased seismicity, including some bursts of tremor, and increased geothermal activity.
The eruption began at 1630 on 21 May, and at 2000 the eruption plume rose to an altitude over 20 km (65,000 ft) a.s.l. The plume altitude fell to 15 km (49,200 ft) a.s.l. during the night but occasionally still rose to 20 km (65,000 ft) a.s.l. Ash from the lower part of the eruption plume drifted S and at higher altitudes drifted E. A few hours after the onset of the eruption ashfall began over areas S of the Vatnajökull ice cap, more than 50 km from the eruption site. Earthquake locations and limited observations during an initial overflight suggested that the eruption site was in the SW part of the caldera, where the 2004 eruption was located. According to news articles, the road in Skeidarársandur, S of Vatnajökull and part of the ring road around Iceland, closed and remained closed through 24 May.
During the morning of 22 May the plume rose to an altitude of 10-15 km (32,800-49,200 ft) a.s.l. The color of the plume was brown-to-grayish and sometimes black close to the source. Most of the plume drifted S, but lower parts traveled SW. Tephra fall was concentrated to the S and to a lesser extent N and E. In the afternoon lightning strikes ranged from 60-70 per hour (up to 300 during one hour) and were most frequent in the ash plume to the S. News outlets noted that the Keflavík airport closed. Ashfall was reported from the Reykjavík area in the SW to Tröllaskagi Peninsula in the N. An article also stated that, according to a geophysicist, the eruption was the largest for Grímsvötn in 100 years, was similar to the eruption of 1873, and was larger than the Eyjafjallajökull eruption of 2010.
During 22-23 May the ash plume rose to altitudes of 5-10 km (16,400-32,800 ft) a.s.l. and drifted S at lower altitudes and W at altitudes 8 km (26,200 ft) a.s.l. and higher. Ashfall was detected in several areas throughout Iceland except in some areas to the NW. On 24 May the ash plume was estimated to be mostly below 5 km (16,400 ft) a.s.l. because meteorological clouds over the glacier were at 5-7 km (16,400-23,000 ft) a.s.l. and the plume only briefly rose above the cloud deck. Satellite images showed the plume extending over 800 km from the eruption site towards the S and SE. News articles reported that dozens of carriers rerouted or cancelled flights in Norway, Denmark, and Scotland.
link to local survey:
Earth Sciences
Air traffic
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click on the tabs below to open and close the register cards (collapsible panels) with the volcano lists:
volcano lists of ICELAND- (01- 32)- incl. volcano webcam
volcano list of WESTERN EUROPE/ ITALY- GREECE (01-25)
volcano list of TURKEY- CAUCASUS, GEORGIA AND ARMENIA (01- 23)
volcano List of the ATLANTIC/ AZORES AND CANARY ISLANDS
Volcanoes of the AZORES
Nr
Name/USGS datalink:
volcano number:
volcano type:
volcano webcam:
others
01
FLORES
39°27'44"N/ 31°12'58"W
1802-001
Stratovolcanoes
R*
FLORES
02
CORVO
39°41'56"N/ 31°6'39"W
1802-002
Stratovolcano
Ho*
CORVO
03
FAYAL
38°36'0"N/ 28°44'0"W
1802-01=
Stratovolcano
Hi*
FAYAL
04
PICO
38°28'0"N/ 28°24'0"W
1802-02=
Stratovolcano
Hi*
PICO
05
SAN JORGE
38°39'0"N/ 28°5'0"W
1802-03=
Fissure Vents
Hi*
SAN JORGE
06
GRACIOSA
39°1'0"N/ 27°58'0"W
1802-04=
Stratovolcano
Ho*
GRACIOSA
07
TERCEIRA
38°44'0"N/ 27°19'0"W
1802-05=
Stratovolcanoes
Hi*
TERCEIRA
08
DON JOAO DE CASTRO BANK
38°14'0"N/ 26°38'0"W
1802-07=
Submarine volcano
Hi*
DON JOAO DE CASTRO BANK
09
SETE CIDADES
37°52'0"N/ 25°47'0"W
1802-08=
Stratovolcano
Hi*
SETE CIDADES
10
PICOS VOLCANIC SYSTEM
37°47'0"N/ 25°40'0"W
1802-081
Pyroclastic cones
Hi*
PICOS VOLCANIC SYSTEM
11
AGUA DE PAU
37°46'0"N/ 25°28'0"W
1802-09=
Stratovolcano
Hi*
AGUA DE PAU
12
FURNAS
37°46'0"N/ 25°19'0"W
1802-10=
Stratovolcano
Hi*
FURNAS
13
MONACO BANK
37°36'0"N/ 25°53'0"W
1802-11=
Submarine volcano
Hi*
MONACO BANK
14
MADEIRA
32°44'0"N/ 16°58'0"W
1802-12=
Shield volcano
R*
MADEIRA
> on map Afrika
local references>
CMMG
Explanations
info links >
submarine volcano
Pyroclastic cone
** about the Google Earth feature:
Hi* = historical
Us= Uranium series
C* = Caldera
READ ABOUT THE GOOGLE EARTH FEATURE: this column contains Google Earth program orders: click on one of the names and Google Earth will open and automatically navigate to the coordinates of that specific volcano on Google Earth! Google Earth programs tips: If google Earth does that too slowly, you can increase that" navigations speed" as follows: Use the menu on top of your Google Earth program window : There, open one after another the register cards for >" tools" > options > navigation. on the navigation card you find te controller for " apporach speed ( deutsch: Anflugsgeschwindigkeit) Just increase the approach speed there as intended. Possibly you have to close and reopen Google Earth afterwards, that these changes ind the function take place! NOTES: To use this "find with Google" feature, you must have installed Google Earth. There is no problem known: Nevertheless, the use of Google Earth as well as tzhe use of all feature on alien-homepage.de is on your own risk.
F* = Fumarolic
R* = Radiocarbon
P* = Pleistocene
u* = uncertain
A* = Anthropology
Nr
Name/USGS datalink:
geographic position: longitude/ latitude
volcano number:
volcano type:
volcano webcam:
others
01
LA PALMA
28°34'0"N/
17°50'0"W
1803-01
Stratovolcanoes
Hi*
LA PALMA
Roque de las Muchachos
02
HIERRO
27°44'0"N
18°2'0"W
1803-02
Shield vocano
R*
HIERRO
03
TENERIFE
28°16'17"N
16°38'27"W
1803-01
Stratovolcano
Hi*
El PICO DEL TEIDE
04
GRAN CANARIA
28°0'0"N
15°35'0"W
1803-04
Fissure Vents
R*
GRAN CANARIA
05
FUERTEVENTURA
28°21'30"N
14°1'0"W
1803-05
Fissure Vents
Ho*
FUERTEVENTURA
06
LANZAROTE
29°2'0"N
13°38'0"W
1803-06
Fissure Vents
Ho*
LANZAROTE
local links
Explanations
links
** about the Google Earth feature:
Hi* = historical
READ ABOUT THE GOOGLE EARTH FEATURE: this column contains Google Earth program orders: click on one of the names and Google Earth will open and automatically navigate to the coordinates of that specific volcano on Google Earth! Google Earth programs tips: If google Earth does that too slowly, you can increase that" navigations speed" as follows: Use the menu on top of your Google Earth program window : There, open one after another the register cards for >" tools" > options > navigation. on the navigation card you find te controller for " apporach speed ( deutsch: Anflugsgeschwindigkeit) Just increase the approach speed there as intended. Possibly you have to close and reopen Google Earth afterwards, that these changes ind the function take place! NOTES: To use this "find with Google" feature, you must have installed Google Earth. There is no problem known: Nevertheless, the use of Google Earth as well as tzhe use of all feature on alien-homepage.de is on your own risk.
R* = Radiocarbon
Scoria cone
ANCIENT SITES OF EUROPE: GREECE- including WESTERN ASIA
Index historical sites of SOUTHERN EUROPE: ITALY, GREECE, WESTERN ASIA
GREECE ( HELLAS)
Orakel sites
nr
name and link to wikipedia
place
geographical position
estimated age
cultural reference
literaric reference
short description
internal links
other sources
01
Delphi
GR/ Korinth-
38° 28′ 53″ N, 22° 29′ 59″ O
unknown
Hellas
Pythia , the priestess of Apollo-Herodotus[28] (Histories 2:54–57)
Delphic Sibyl
Delphi
02
Dodona
GR/ Epirus
39° 32′ 47″ N, 20° 47′ 16″ O
4000 BC
Hellas
Dodona
03
Livadia
Korinth/ Parnass
38° 26′ N, 22° 52′ O
unknown
Hellas
----
---------
Livadia (Orakel)
04
Abai
GR/ Phokis
38° 35′ 0″ N, 22° 56′ 0″ O
unknown
Hellas
named after Abas , King of Argos
---------
Abai
05
Oropos
GR/ Attica
38° 18′ N, 23° 45′ O
unknown
Hellas
Graea
---------
Oropos
06
Claros
Asia minor ( today: W- Turkey)
38° 0′ 18″ N, 27° 11′ 35″ O
unknown
Hellas
-----
Apollon Sybil
Claros ( Orakel- Sybil)
07
Didyma
Asia minor ( today: W- Turkey)
37° 23′ 6″ N, 27° 15′ 23″ O
unknown
Hellas
Herodot (1,157) und Pausanias (7,26)
Didyma ( Sybil)
08
Patara
Asia minor ( today: W- Turkey)
36° 16′ N, 29° 19′ O
unknown
Apollon Patroos
Sybil near to thedelta of the river Xanthos
Patara
09
Ammonion
Today Egypt
29° 11′ N, 25° 33′ O
1500 BC
Egypt ( not on this map)
Sybil of the Egypt god Amun
Siwa Oasis
Famous mythological sites:
nr
name and link to wikipedia
place
geographical position
estimated age- time of foundation
cultural reference
literaric reference
short description
internal links
other sources
Athens ( gr. Athina)
37° 59′ N, 23° 44′ O
(at least) 3000 BC
Hellas
Platon> Timaios
Pallas Athena
ATHENS/ PALLAS ATHENE: According to Platon, Athens was- along with an unnamed city in Egypt ( Theben?) - the first city built by resp. for the gods on Earth. It was dedicated to Pallas Athena- which was worshipped as a godess of science and warfare in peace times, who - so Plato- has chosen today`s Greece as matching best the climatical requirements under those science would envolve sucessfully.
Hesiods symbolism: Pallas Athena was- so Hesiod- a doughter of a relationship between Zeus and the Okeanide Metis . Zeus who once also overthrew his father Crones feared as well that fate would return to himself by one of his own sons. According to Hesiod`s symbolism- Zeus ate Metis to prevent the birth of his son ,but suffered unbearable headache afterwards. When Hephaistos finally opened Zeus`s head, Pallas Athena sprang fully armoured out of Zeus head. The question is the interpretation: My own one was and is : Athena is- as several others of Zeus` creatures- such as Pandora ( who is described as a robot or Cyborg)- the product of Zeus ideas and therefore " sprang out of his head" The parable was chosen to make that mystical story understandable for the simple thinking common people.written by alien-homepage.de
Athen
Thiva ( Theben of Hellas )
Thiva ( Theben)
Orchomenos
Boeotia
38° 30′ N, 22° 59′ O
Due to R.G Temple, (" Sirius mystery) Orchomenos had importance first as a mythological place of a sybil dedicated to Apoll. The name and people of Orchomenos again play a rolein the Herakles sage and the Argonautica. As a town , Orchomenos was involved in the war of Troy.
Orchomenios wird in der Mythologie mehrere Bedeutungen im Zusammenhang mit dem Krieg von Troja, aber auch der Argonautensage oder der Dionysos sage. Nach R.G Temple ( Sirius mystery) soll O. schohn von Alters her ein alter Kultplatz und ein Orakelort gewesen sein
Orchomenos
Olympia
Peloponnes
37° 38′ 18″ N, 21° 37′ 51″ O
1.100 BC ( cultural site)
Hellas
-1. old Greece sanctuary of the Olympic gods. 2. Later site for the ancient Olympic games
Olympia
Sparta
Pe*/ Lakonien
37° 4′ N, 22° 26′ O
Homer > Menelaos
ABOUT SPARTA: Homer names Sparta as the court of the legendary king Menelaos.which indicates that Sparta would probably have the frist or one of the oldest and most important kingdom of The Peloponnesos.
Traditionally, Sparta was beieved to be reserved for the Herkalides- the heirs of Herakles. Sparta oftently opposed Hellenic rulers resp tyrants and was a protector of the Olympic games. Spartas wellknown legendary reputation as a place of high cultivated warfare resultet rather from this old tradition than form any influence from outside .
Sparta
diverse>
Symplegades- Kyaneische Felsen (Argonautica)
Western Asia ( todays Turkey):
Phasis ( today: Poti in Georgia)
Kolchis
42° 9′ N, 41° 40′ O
unknown
Egypt/ Persia
Apollodorus / Argonautica`
Herodot (Historien IV, 37)
Chrysomeles
Aietes
Chalkiope
about: PHRIXOS- HELLE, JASON & THE ARGONAUTS AND THE GOLDEN FLEECE> The sage of Jason and the Argonauts is one the one side perharps one of the eldest and most meaningful stories in Mythology. On the other site, new "scientists" want to settle the stories all into more - "Biblic" times- just by picking up some simple facts like the existence of gold mining those did never change through the Milleniums. The story of Jason and the Argounauts however begins with Hella and Phrixos, who escape from their mother in law . king Athama second wife Ino and the people of his country going to kill resp sacrifice him. Before that could happen,both were rescued a flying Aries with a golden fleeece, sent by their real mother Nephele . On their way, Helle looses balance and falls into the sea on the place which is since then named the " Hellespont". The flying Aries however carries Phrixos to Kolchis, where he finds Asylum at King Aeites and later marries the king`s doughter Chalkiope. As thank to the gods, Phrixos sacrifies the fleece of the golden Aries in the garden or the warlord Aries in Kolchis, where it is guarded day and night by a dragon that never sleeps. The argonautica g begins, when much later Jason the son of Aison, gets form his uncle Peliqas the order to stelle the golden fleece out of Ares? garden in Kolchis> see also, internal links the ages of men " written by alien homepage.de
Argonautica ( wikipedia)
Phasis ( today_ Poti)
Troy / Troja
todays Turkey
39° 57′ 26″ N, 26° 14′ 19″ O
unknown
Aphrodite / Hephaistos
Homer - Ilias
ABOUT TROY, ITS DISCOVERY AND THE TROYAN WAR >>-Everybody seems to know the story about the war on Troy, since the movie by Pe terson was in the cinemas. What Peterson resp the screenplay did not mention , was the more ore less mythological background of this war, in which the fate seemed to decide, who is gonna win or die. Most important to know, is that the legal king of Troy - Anchises- who became during its occupation by Aphrodite herself father of Aenaias- was in exile, hiding himself away as a shepherd in the mountains ,while the family of Priamos had taken power over Troy against the gods determined law and will. It is undoubted, that the abduction of Menelaos wife Helena caused the Hellas kings around Menelaos to brake up to Troy make an ultimatum and finally to attack the city. But by the entire story and its outcome the surrender of Troy rather appears as a fatal consequence of multiple crimes and broken laws mainly to take power over the city.
The story of Troy begins however as nusual as its end. Homer writes, Troy was a stronghold of city planned by the gods themselves and built by giants and Zyklopes with walls that no human being ever could ever conquer or destroy at that time. Mor than 20 years, The army of Hellas tried to conquer the town . (Odysseus could finally conquer the city deceiving its greedy king an waiters by the famous trick list with the Troyan horse). Its was not only dedicated to Aphrodite and Hephaistos, its was their city , their piece of the world , they had chosen when the Earth was distributed among the Titans. And all the first kings of the gods cities were children of the gods who owned the city or halfgods. The law was, that the power over these cities had to remain within that godly bloodline . And Priamos and the ones who had brought Primaos to power, while forcing Anchises to flee , had made an offense against that law . Read more in Homers Illiade-
Heinrich Schlieman is widely believed to have discovered ancient Troy. all these old strongholds and undestroyable seeming cities were most probably destroyed by huge global Earthquake around 5000 BC followed by the great flood from the land of Sint ( sint flood). However - the ancient city , Schliemann found was rebuilt several times. Schliemann found 7 layers of seven old cities built above each other . What some doubt is whether he did not in real excavate the city of Dardanos which is described by Homer as being halfway between Troy and the landing place wehere the armies of the Hellenics kanded, went on land, and had tjheir main camp during the war. . Dardanos is also name giver of the islands of the Dardanelles. If this would prove to be true, the questions whether and where Troy really existed would have to be asked again.
written by alien-homepage.de
Troja
Birth places of the Olympic gods (Greece)
about>>
according to the Greek mythology, the civilisation on Earth was founded by Uranos- the god of heaven, (resp the god who came from heaven, rep form the sky). Symbolically referred, Uranos begated mother Earth- in another sense he created different creatures on Earth, as Earth provided all what these creatures would need to live and to multiply. But also the Egyptian Mythology repeatedly says again and again , that the first god Anu Huapu, who also came from heaven, created his offspring without having sex with a wife. Here we must notice that these stories were told in a manner an form that po eople on Earth might get an imagination how that worked without being able at that time to understand the scienetific background. So it doesn`t wonder, that the people who delivered that history to them postery. mentioned or interprated that description the God
must have made its children through an act of masturbation. According to their own level of knowledge or evolution , the People of old Egypt had not having any idea that he could have made that through gentechnical experiments as well. Only the Mesoamerican creation stories tell more precisely, that the heavently beings , when arriving obn Earth god formed the first humans beings out of mysterious organic materials
with an not understandable method. The Popul vuh as wellas the Hopi Myth further tells, they even modified their creatures so long until the fitted their imaginations and plans and without giving them to much capablitities, that the human creatures could anytime cahallenge themselves.
example ( popul vuh chapter 3) The first human beings had eyes, with those they couold see far beyond the bounderies of Earth, the horizon. Knowing that the preception also would influence peoples awareness and spirit and distract them from their task to cultivate and evolve their creation on Earth they laid a
kind of vail on their eyes so they would keep the Earth in sight and mind. Eevebn the Hebrew/christian creation story tells about a god who created the world and the first humans out of Earth ( what meas for ourselves in an unusual mysterious manner without any wife.
---------The TITANS. But these first gods from heaven ( this historical time remain in the European traditions very unclear. The mayas and Hopis tell about several extraterrestric beings) also married among each other. in the Greece mythology, the children of the heavens gods were called Titans. SOme old texts clearly say that these were not born on earth- perharps none of them could live on Earth (as they could not aclimatisize themselves). Then reportedly a struggle started among Uranos and his sons, referred as as "the War of the Titans" ( which tells rather about a global volcanic catastrophy on Earth > Earth crust replacement?)
in the consequence many of the TItans dissapeared in the taratros ( which is the endless darkness- speak the Universe) what probably means: the left the Earth possibly in search of a planet which might better match their
biological requirements and needs. The Titans who stayed on earth now created a new generation of " Earth born gods" known as the Olympic gods. Interestingly, all stories propose with forth that all of them were born on Earth and all are born on different islands of the Aegaeis . At that time, the many cycladic islands of today were one large island,
which later probably by a huge Earthquake sank deeper to the seafloor. The fact that no mythological story mentions this large island , indicates, that these islands were tabu as being the sacred islands of the gods. Last but not leasrt this earthborn olympic gods all had human wifes with those the created the halfgods, who became the predecessors of us the modern human beings.
The Greece authorities say there are many villages and
ancient sites on the seaground between the Cycladic Islands . But not even diving is allowed there The following list now tells about the birthplaces of the Olympic gods on the cycladic islands as far as known.
>>>>> written by alien-homepage.de- particularly based on own research
nr
name and link to wikipedia
place
geographical position
estimated age
cultural reference
literaric reference
short description
internal links
other sources
ZEUS
Lyktos / KRETA
35° 12′ 24″ N, 25° 22′ 2″ O
unknown
Hellas
Hesiod
BIRTH OF ZEUS ( story): Zeus was a son of Kronos and Rheia. According to Hesiod`s symbolism , Kronos ate all his children out of the fear, they would overthrow him as he had overthrown his father Uranos. So- Rheia decided, to give Zeus`s birth secretly on a hidden cave near Lyktos on the island of Crete. while she successfully could deceive Kronos by giving him a stone to eat instead. Zeus could later free his brothers and sisters out of Kronos` bally
.
The third age of men
Lyktos- Birth place of ZEUS
APHRODITE
Kythira
36° 14′ N, 22° 59′ O
unknown
Hesiod
APHRODITE`S BIRTH : according to Hesiods symbolism, Uranos was the father of Aphrodite: When Kronos and his brothers castrated Uranos, his genital fell down to earth into the sea near to the Island of Kythira. The sea reacted on that and began to foam. In that foam, Aphrodite was born. Naked she stepped out of the sea , bashfully hidding away in the bushes from the people`s views...
The second age of men
KYTHIRA
ARTEMIS
Delos
37° 24′ 0″ N, 25° 16′ 0″ O
unknown
Koios und Phoibe
Leto
Hesiod
Theognis von Megara
BIRTH OF ARTEMIS AND PHOIBOS APOLLON: According to Hesiods "Theogony", Artemis and Phoibos were children of a relationships between Zeus and the Titan doughter Leto. Zeus wife Hera was jealous with that relationship or might have had other motives ( the titan war, resp the prophecy, that Apollon and Artemis might become more important than her) ) to prevent the birth of the twins. Helped by Poseidon, Leto finally fled to a swimming island ( Delos) where she gave Birth to the twins. Artemis is widely known as the godess or an early protector of the living nature. Possibly out of the experience of permanent war and struggle among the Titans and their offspring on Earth , Artemis insisted to remain virgin , resp gave not birth to children and therefore searched peace in the nature. Phoibos ( " the lightening or the enlighted). As a helper to menkind, Apollon became the most important god, and the prophecy was fullfilled. Being the father of Askleipios, he was worshipped as a god of medicine . On many sybils( orakel sites) dedicated to Apoll, people tried to receive his wisdom and advice . Being hinself a great musician , he was a kind of minister or god of lyric, arts and music and much more. The birth place Delos was worshipped through the Milleniums , by egyptians as well as hellenics and later by the Romans. According to some historicans, Artemis might be another name for hekate, who is a much elder godess. . The leak of a clear timeline, resp the fact much elder godesses appear again in later dynasties must be seen as an expression and literarioc epsression for the proposed immortality of the Titan gods and their offspring .- written by: alien-homepage.de
Delos
DIONYSOS
Naxos
37° 3′ N, 25° 28′ O
Semele- doghter of Kadmos- king of Theben
Naxos
Places of importance in Western Asia up to the Christian period
In Johannes/ Book of Revelation each of the seven Letters starts - as commanded by a heavently appearance with the phrase: "write to the angels of Ephesos."... What the seven comunities and angels have to do with the seven seals a.s.o is still unclear.
Ephesos
Lydia- today`s Turkey
37° 56′ N, 27° 21′ O
at least 5.000 AD
Temple of Artemis
Gnosis
reportedly founded by Androklos , King of Attica
Minoan the Hittitian, Mycenaean Greece
ABOUT EPHESOS: important world metropolis dating back to eldest ties with culturally influence from the Minoan the Hittitian, Mycenaean Greece and the Roman Empire. The town had any special importance for the first Christian culture ,expecially for the Apostels like Paulus more even supporters of the Gnosis >Maria Magdalena is believed to have met with the other followers of Jesus / Johannes was banned from Ephesos to the island of Pathmos where he wrote the Revelation) The real reason is not understood. Ephesos was described as a place famous for its free sciences and schools in the Hellenic tradition. A place were for sure also much special old wisdom and knowledge was saved and teached, which today ist mostly lost or remained unknown . This would explain, that it was considered by Jesus` apostels as a place, where the Christian message rather could be understood and based on the real old taditional knowledge. I firmly believe that Johannes based the foundamental parts of his revelation on any of this sources , which existed at this time in Ephesos- written by alien-homepage.de
In Johannes/ Book of Revelation : (commanded by a heavently appearance) "write to the angels of Ephesos : the community that had forsaken its first love "
Ephesos
Smyrna
Lydia- today`s Turkey
38° 25′ 0″ N, 27° 9′ 0″ O
unknown
Johannes/ Book of Revelation : Seven churches of Asia
In Johannes/ Book of Revelation : "the community that would suffer persecution"
Smyrna (today_ İzmir)
Pergamon
Lydia- today`s Turkey
39° 7′ N, 27° 11′ O
unknown
In Johannes/ Book of Revelation "the community that needed to repent "
Pergamon
Thyatira
Lydia- today`s Turkey
38° 55′ N, 27° 50′ O
unknown
Seleukos I.
In Johannes/ Book of Revelation "the community that had a false prophetess"
Thyatira
Sardis/Sardes
Lydia- today`s Turkey
38° 29′ N, 28° 2′ O
472 AD-
Persian Empire
The Persians of Aeschylus
In Johannes/ Book of Revelation: "the community that had fallen asleep"
Sardes
Philadelphia ( today: Alaşehir)
Lydia- today`s Turkey
38° 21′ 0″ N, 28° 31′ 0″ O
189 BC
King Eumenes II of Pergamon
Philadelphia means: city of brotherly love
In Johannes/ Book of Revelation:" the church that had endured patiently"
Philadelphia
Laodicea ( today:
Lydia- today`s Turkey
37° 50′ 9″ N, 29° 6′ 27″ O
in 261-253 BC
Antiochus II Theos ,
The town was originally called Diospolis , "City of Zeus , afterwards Rhoas
In Johannes/ Book of Revelation:" "the church with the lukewarm faith"
Laodicea
Index:
** about the Google Earth feature:
FR* = Frankreich / France
GR= Greece ( Hellas)
Pe* Peloponnesos
READ ABOUT THE GOOGLE EARTH FEATURE: this column contains Google Earth program orders: click on one of the names and Google Earth will open and automatically navigate to the coordinates of that specific volcano on Google Earth! Google Earth programs tips: If google Earth does that too slowly, you can increase that" navigations speed" as follows: Use the menu on top of your Google Earth program window : There, open one after another the register cards for >" tools" > options > navigation. on the navigation card you find te controller for " apporach speed ( deutsch: Anflugsgeschwindigkeit) Just increase the approach speed there as intended. Possibly you have to close and reopen Google Earth afterwards, that these changes ind the function take place! NOTES: To use this "find with Google" feature, you must have installed Google Earth. There is no problem known: Nevertheless, the use of Google Earth as well as tzhe use of all feature on alien-homepage.de is on your own risk.
UK* = United Kingdom
TU= Turkey
ANCIENT SITES IN UNITED KINGDOM AND FRANCE (neolithic)
Index historical sites of Europe and Western Asia
nr
name and link to wikipedia
place
geographical position
estimated age
cultural reference
literaric reference
short description
internal links
other sources
MEGALITHIC:
postulated original layout of all circles:
01
Stonehenge
UK/ Wiltshire
51°1044″ N/ 1°49`35″ W
3.100 BC
Celtic
Merlin Saga
-Ancient sun and star observatory, which also may contain some yet unknown more complicated astronomical periods . As its constructed as a perfect circle , it must have at least served as a manifested cosmologically based calendar similar to astronomical monuments in other parts of the world ( such as Mesoamerica) . The installation itself does not require much special knowledge and would be identified through all age and cultures and languages . Some special astronmical- but yet not recognized- data may be hidden within the other parts of the installation.- Archeologists however interpretate Stonehenge as a bronze age monument. By the C 14 method, the oldest megaliths are dated back to 8000. B.C.
The entire arrangement out of megalithic stones is exactly laid out to the summer soltice which shines on this day through a shift between two large stones entrance into the middel of the circle.
Stonehenge
011
UK/ Wiltshire
51°2542″ N/ 1° 51`14″ W
2.500- 2.600 B.C
Celtic
associated with Stonehenge
012
UK/ Wiltshire
51° 2431N/ 1°51′3″W
3.500 B.C
associated with Stonehenge
Menhire
Stones of Stenness
020
Heart of Neolithic Orkney
Orkney isl/ Scotland
2.700 B.C
arrangement of large vertical stones
Heart of Neolithic Orkney
021
Ring von Brodgar
Orkney isl/ Scotland
59°0′6″ N/ 3°13′49″ W
arrangement of large vertical stones
Ring of Brodgar
022
Barnhouse
Orkney
58°59′45″ N, 3°12′31″ W
arrangement of large vertical stones
Barnhouse
030
Cordon des Druides
FR-/ Ille-et-Vilaine
Cordon des Druides
Crucuno
near Carnak
47°37′N, 3°8′ W
Dolmen
Crucuno
Dolmen of Bagneux
Dolmen von Bagneux
031
Frankreich, Bretagne
47°35′ N, 3°5′ W
3000 Menhirs
Anta von Pavia
040
Anta Grande do Zambujeiro
Portugal/ Évora
38°32′ 21N/ 8°052″W
megalithic cult chamber
Anta Grande do Zambujeiro
041
Menhir dos Almendres
Portugal/ Évora
38°33′27″ N/ 8°3′41″ W
Cromlech .- 92 oval stones in an elliptic layout . those dont exist nearby in the region
Menhir Dos Almendres
042
Portela dos Mogos
Portugal/ Évora
Cromlech
nearby to Almendres: - 40 oval formed stones in an elliptic layout . those dont exist nearby in the regionAbout a dozen monoliths present some form of carved drawings, four of which exhibit only small circular holes. Monolith number 8, with a cut flat top at about breast level and showing several dimples, might have served for finer astronomical observation, specially spring equinox observation, by putting small stones on them. These observations might be made from stone 39, on the eastern focal point of the elliptic layout.( wikipedia)
no coordinates available
050
Cueva de Menga
Antequera/ Spanien
37°1′29″ N, 4°32′47″ W
2500 B.C
Dolmen/ tomb
Cueva de Menga
Index:
** about the Google Earth feature:
FR* = Frankreich / France
READ ABOUT THE GOOGLE EARTH FEATURE: this column contains Google Earth program orders: click on one of the names and Google Earth will open and automatically navigate to the coordinates of that specific volcano on Google Earth! Google Earth programs tips: If google Earth does that too slowly, you can increase that" navigations speed" as follows: Use the menu on top of your Google Earth program window : There, open one after another the register cards for >" tools" > options > navigation. on the navigation card you find te controller for " apporach speed ( deutsch: Anflugsgeschwindigkeit) Just increase the approach speed there as intended. Possibly you have to close and reopen Google Earth afterwards, that these changes ind the function take place! NOTES: To use this "find with Google" feature, you must have installed Google Earth. There is no problem known: Nevertheless, the use of Google Earth as well as tzhe use of all feature on alien-homepage.de is on your own risk.
UK* = United Kingdom
additional map of EURASIA
EXPLANATIONS OF THE SYMBOLS USED IN THIS MAP:
clicking on the register tab beside the "i" symbol opens and closes the register card with the volcano indices resp. informations about specific Earthquakes, volcano eruptions or Tsunamis
35 = volcano + number). You find the name of the volcano and all infos in the registercard!
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= volcano is active (yellow to orange alert)- notice last update time in the register card
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= volcano is erupting (red alert- levels 4-5)- notice last update time in the register card
click here to get a smaller version of this map without the register cards-
click here to see the weekly activity update on the website of USGS/ Smithsonian institute-
click here for my 2 days Earthquake and volcanism warning ticker
(click here for image file )
other maps >
changes on the map are made weekly only if new reported are issued by USGS )!
about volcano activity reports :
This map is updated once per week ( mostly on Thursdays). Volcanoes once e reported as active or eruptive get single registercards . active Volcanoes are those where you find a yellow background on the tab, eruptive those with a red background. The little yellow and red flashing symbols on the map mark their locations. If there is no more any specific report volcano on the global volcanism program, the flashing symbols on the map will be removed and the tab background will be turned to grey ( means: unknown status)
VIDEO/REPORT OF THE WEEK (MAY 08- 2012)
The submarine eruption of El Hierro Island (Canary Islands)
VIDEO ( May- 09- 2012) by: CabildoElHierro / DESGASIFICACION VOLCAN L2 5 12 A (DEGASSING AT NEW EL HIERRO submarine volcano/ Islas canarias- watch also: part 2
read also: elder report by: volcanodiscovery : The authorities have decided to declare the eruption ended and shut down the web cameras at La Restinga and stop active monitoring of what could still be going on at the sea floor south of La Restinga.
...read more...
VIDEO
9 May-15 May 2012
New Activity/Unrest: | Ijen , Eastern Java (Indonesia) | Karangetang [Api Siau] , Siau I | Karthala , Grand Comore Island | Popocatépetl , México | Sirung , Pantar Island (Indonesia)
Ongoing Activity: | Cleveland , Chuginadak Island | Karymsky , Eastern Kamchatka (Russia) | Kilauea , Hawaii (USA) | Pagan , Mariana Islands | Sakura-jima , Kyushu | Santa María , Guatemala | Shiveluch , Central Kamchatka (Russia) | Soufrière Hills , Montserrat | Tungurahua , Ecuador
This page is updated on Wednesdays. Please see the GVP Home Page for news of the latest significant activity.
-------------------------
RECOMMENDED EXTERNAL SOURCE FOR MOST RECENT VOLCANO INFORMATIONS: visit: VOLCANO DISCOVERY.COM/NEWS
---------------------
I began this reports in 2011 when the maps were completed . Everything needs a good while to be developed. In November 2011 I decided to make monthly reports those will be updated once per week. From 2012 on, you will find all archived reports( including video sources) by my new archive directory .
some general remarks to CME effects:
HOW CMEs AND EARTHQUAKES ARE RELATED:
Some minor EARTHQUAKES with Magnitudes above 6.0 might occure during the days when these CMEs will arrive. - ONE MORE MORE MAJOR EARTH- rather: SEAQUAKES MUST BE EXPECTED GENERALLY FROM THAT TIME ON AFTER THE LAST CME HAS ARRIVED AND THE TECTONIC PLATES WILL GET THE CHANCE TO COOL DOWN AN TO CONTRACT AGAIN! THOSE QUAKES SET IN APPR ONE DAY AFTER THE IMPACT OF A SINGLE CME AND 2-5 AFTER THE LAST CME IMPACT IN CASES OF A SERIAL OF MORE THAN ONE-
This however was the time lapse the magma mass ( known to store energies quite long time ) needed to cool down and to contract again . Differently to the unmeasurable process of when heating up and expanding, the hardening continental mass comes under tension if it begins to cool downand contract again. The tectonic plates retreat from each other along the tectonic borders . This causes strong friction or may also results as a kind of brake of. This regularlyand inevertibly results in sudden shocks with expectable strong Earthquake activities -
Typical immidiate effects , those set in immidiately during and after the impact of a stronger CME are
stronger Volcano eruptions- thunderstorms unprecedented Tornadoes
- rapid icemelt in glacial or arctic region or mountains, with possible intense flooding as consequences-
- Release of substantial amounts of Methanhydrate out of Ocean beds or perma ice regions-
-Technical: shorter or longer radio transmission blackouts , overvoltages on terrestrial overland grids, trains grids or other wired networks , by electric surges /induction from the CMEs with the chance of substantial damage to electrical devices , with dangers expecially to Nuclear power stations with safety devices damaged by overvoltage.
- Induction of electric energy into longer oil or gas pipelines is another issue-
- Severe blowouts especially on deep drilled offshore oil wells those are not at least secured with downhole safety valves ( by law only on Norway yet and in Brasil) Blowouts with gas and oil highly heated up and pressurized by volcanic activities set free after even smaller tectonic movements
---------------------------------------------
(to find more informations about thecurrent status and latest CMEs, click here for my DAILY updated SOLAR REPORT with ENVIRONMENTAL BLOG
click here to open and close collapsible panel with additional informations
MAIN TECTONIC ACTIVITIES IN 2011
final review to 2011 ( minor plates are included)
NORTH AMERICAN PLATE
Earthquake activities there were rather normal in 2011 . Significant new acticvities occured in Aug 2011 on the East Atlantic coast. of the USA, Continuing new activities also where registered in nearby regions of Central USA , such as near Oklahoma
SOUTH AMERICAN PLATE
No real major or disastrous Earth quake event in South America in 2011 . Some signficiant activities were registered offshore of Columbia down to Peru at begin of the second half in 2011
PACIFIC PLATE
The Pacific Plate and its surrounding minor Plates are generally in a grip by the Eurasian and North/ South American Plate. The seismic activity around Australian plate occures mostly in the regions Vanuatu to Fijji. Compared to the recent years the strength and frequency of the typical Earthquake activities there was rather low in 2011
INDO/AUSTRALIAN
The INDO Australian Plate seems to be pushed by both- the movement of the South American Plate around the Yucatan peninsula towards the Northwest and the (increasing) movement of the Eurasian plate towards the Southwest into Southwest direction against the African plate While the subduction zone along the coast of Sumatra and Java was very quiet in 2011, volcanic activities shifted from one site of the large Indonesian archipelago to the other and occured mainly on the Souther borders of the Indian tectonic plate For almost one decade, Indonesia whad been somewhat like the epicenter of the world . After March 2011 almost all major activities from there seemed to have shifted from there more than 100 km Eastward to the quadriple junction offshore of Honshu Japan, possibly pushed by an increased activity of the African plate ( yet thought to be one of the most quiet tectonic plates on Earth)
EURASIAN PLATE
Not many geologists seem to have taken notice yet from the increasing activities around the Eurasian plate recorded since begin of 2011. Until August a large number of minor and larger Earthquakes with magnitudes up to 6.5 occured all along the subduction zone in the South of Europe reaching from the AZORES through Gibralter over Italy, Greece into Turkey and Iran. Approximately the double number events were registered in 2011 compared to 2010. The average strength of the quakes along the boundaries of the Eurasian to the African plate also increased 2011 with at least one point on the Richter scale from M 4 to 5. Europe`s active volcanoes in the Mediterranean Sea, Etna and Strombili, had regular eruption activity increasing in strength and were sveral times setv on red alert level . Greece geologists reported , to have noticed a significant activity increase also of the Santorin Volcano in 2011. Santorin is hot spot volcanon situated on the tripple conjunction of Europe with the African and Arabian plate and is the rest of a shield volcano that was torn apart by a large hydrogen explosion around 1500 BC . Volcanic magma material from that explosion was even found in the Arctic region.The explosion recorded as one of largest volcanic events in history just left a sickle of the formerly round island with a submarine crater rest in its middle ,just reaching up to sea level
As the European plate is very massive, Earthquake magnitudes of 5.0 effect equal to magnitudes of 6.0 in other subduction zones and are counted as such.
In the spreading zone to the North American continent in North Europe Earthquakes activities in 2011 even were more intensive than in all recent 5 years together . Numerous larger seismis shocks were registered on the boundary of the North American and Eurasia plate in 2011 mainly during the Arctic summer. All occured exactly on the boundary between the Eurasian and North American plate from the Norway latidude through Iceland up to the Eastern coast of Greenland and seem to creep more and more Northwards. Major seismic shocks up to M 4.9 ( volcanic "tremors") were also measured near to the Iceland volcanoes of Grimssvoetn, Hekla and Katla in 2011 yet and are believed to be sign of an upcoming large an d major eruption While Katla does not show any significant signs of an eruption on the surface yet, in July 2011 the increasing activity in its interior suddenly melted the ice cap above the crater and the melting water rushing down form its flanks destroyed a bridge.
Some Seismic shocks with magnitudes up to M 4.6 o also were measured along the continental shelf of Scandinavia since 2011.,those were stronger to the North than to the South. There is no known active volcano around. As I have in suspect, this can only be an indicator for some new or old brake between Iceland and Norway, which may extend already further to the South ( either towards the Atlantic ridge or even between Great Britain and Scandinavia.
The most interesting as well as unprecendented event in 2011 was and is the sudden activity of the El Hierro shield volcano, that forms the most Southern island the Canary islands. More than 10.000 seismic tremor shocks were registered between June and September 2011 South East and North West of the island, before a new subsea volcano Southeast of La Restinga began to erupt.
oil rigs and seaquakes:Good evidence for such a process also gave three hot blowouts those occured after May 2010 at three Norwegian offshore oil rigs. Also the last incident at the Gannet oil field in Aug 2011 could be related to a minor tectonic movement. But so much is not known jet, neitern of the course of the incident nor wehre the leak actually isloated. Media claim the main leakage would be indeed at any wellhead and might therefore also come out from the oil resservoir itself through the annullus of one of the 7 borehole installations.> Fortunately ( and sad as well , as no other country has yet joined yet except Brasil ) ,the government of Norway prescribes for any offshore drilling/borehole in Norway beside Blowoutpreventer so called" downhole security valves- . This is an very reliable safety valve which is mounted on the lower end of the production line where the pipe leads into the oil resservoir itself. Its designed as a steel bowl , which can close the pipe from below the oilm resservoir and closes more tight as more pressure comes on it , The three Norwegian oiol rigs were evacuated , the safetyl valves closed and nothing reulted of this blowouts. Noone nijured no dagame and no oil spill. Some barrely may have escaped but tjhis is nothing compared rto what could and would have happened if no safety valve would have been in place and the BOP fails to operate due to a pressure it cannot resist - or even would be torn apart as it was the case in BP Macondo well "A" in the Macondo well intallation in 2010 ( remark: on TV only the leakage and oil spill at well location " B" was shown.. PR at its best! Read more on my documentary. Just click on the link above this texbox!
read my report. on the following page: click here .
AFRICAN PLATE
AND MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE
Activities also increased along the entire Atlantic ridge. Africa is usually the most quiet and slow tectonic plate of all. In the South an old equatorial brake off from the African continent begins at the horn of Africa/ arfur depression and stretches from there 6000 km into Southwest direction. This spreading process suddenly increased from some millimeters per year to meters per year early in 2005 , soon after the megaquake of M 9.6 had occured SW of Sumatra on 2004-12-26. This increased tectonic movement seems to create the regularly observed Seaquakes up to M 6.0 on the S- Mid Atlantic ridge and pressures towards Central and South America with an effect onto the Caribean Plate. The Northern Atlantic at least is surely known to be a spreading zone. What concerns the Southern Atlantic ridge,I won´t be sure about anymore! I don`t know much about, but guess, the Atlantic as such was almost quiet since thousands of years. Nevertheless, earthquake activities are known to be extremely seldom in and along the Atlantic , tzhey usually occure if then on its boundaries to Africa and the Carribbean . The last one known in the 20 Century was the Agadir quake in 1960, which had a magnitude of not much more than M 6.0 , but lasted for several minutes, during these it leveled the entire town. The disastrous Quake that destroyed Haiti in 2010 again proved ,that if those earthquakes occure there, they come rather unprecedented ( without warning or prequakes) but hard with intensive movements and mostly very disastrous. IN 2011, higher activities couold be found at the Western boundaries of the Atlantic to the Carribean near to Puerto Rico with magnitudes up to M 5.9
Inhalt
(to find more informations about the latest CMEs, click here )
>
Playa cams
17- KATLA- OCT- 18- 2011
17- KATLA - Iceland
find with Google Earth >
last update/ USGS :
OCT- 25- 2011
unknown
About KATLA ( by: Geologic summary by: Smithsonian institute- global volcanism program):Katla volcano, located near the southern end of Iceland's eastern volcanic zone, is hidden beneath the Myrdalsjökull icecap. The subglacial basaltic-to-rhyolitic volcano is one of Iceland's most active and is a frequent producer of damaging jökulhlaups, or glacier-outburst floods. A large 10 x 14 km subglacial caldera with a long axis in a NW-SE direction is up to 750 m deep. Its high point reaches 1380 m, and three major outlet glaciers have breached its rim. Although most historical eruptions have taken place from fissures inside the caldera, the Eldgjá fissure system, which extends about 60 km to the NE from the current ice margin towards Grímsvötn volcano, has been the source of major Holocene eruptions. An eruption from the Eldgjá fissure system about 934 AD produced a voluminous lava flow of about 18 cu km, one of the world's largest known Holocene lava flows. Katla has been the source of frequent subglacial basaltic explosive eruptions that have been among the largest tephra-producers in Iceland during historical time and has also produced numerous dacitic explosive eruptions during the Holocene.
ast activity report- OCT- 11- 18 - 2011 by:
provided by: Smithsonian inst/ world volcanism program)
The Iceland Met Office reported increased seismic activity within Katla's caldera. Unrest was first noted in July, when a short-lived glacial flood burst from the Myrdalsjökull glacier that covers Katla occurred in connection with increased seismicity. Since then, several hundred micro-earthquakes had taken place within the area of the caldera. On 5 October an intense earthquake swarm was detected. Most of the earthquakes originated at 5 km depth; the largest one was approximately a M 3.7.
click here to open activity history
Inhalt
year
begin
alert level
end
activity reports by USGS:
2011
OCT-05
Oct- 18?
The Iceland Met Office reported increased seismic activity within Katla's caldera. Unrest was first noted in July, when a short-lived glacial flood burst from the Myrdalsjökull glacier that covers Katla occurred in connection with increased seismicity. Since then, several hundred micro-earthquakes had taken place within the area of the caldera. On 5 October an intense earthquake swarm was detected. Most of the earthquakes originated at 5 km depth; the largest one was approximately a M 3.7.
2011
July- 09
July- 16?
The Iceland Met Office and news sources reported that on 9 July a jökulhlaup from Myrdalsjökull, the ice sheet that covers Katla, originated from three ice cauldrons in the SE part of the caldera. During previous weeks microseismicity had been registered near several of the ice cauldrons. Around the time of peak harmonic tremor, in the early evening on 8 July, the Myrdalsjökull flood monitoring system indicated increased conduction. The water level reached the bridge around midnight and damaged the sensors. According to news articles, one new cauldron that had formed, along with cracks in the glacier around the cauldrons, may have been caused by a small eruption at Katla although no evidence of an eruption was observed. The jökulhlaup had destroyed a 128-m-long bridge and caused damage, resulting in the closing of part of the Ring Road. About 200 people were evacuated from the area but allowed to return home later that day. On 10 July the water had subsided and returned to normal levels
video
link to local survey:
Earth Sciences
Air traffic
KATLA / Wikipedia)
massive Gletscherläufe zerstören 100 meter lange Gletscherbrücke.
notes: The nearby Hekla volcano massive ( Nr 20 on map) has already formed out a bulge on the surface and might erupt soon, resp at any unknown time!
<empty tags>
AUG- 2011- SHELL OIL SPILL at GANNET ALPHA OIL RIG NEAR ABERDEEN
leakage at Gannet Alpha Oil rig
Shell is very reluctant in publishing anything about their oil leak at the Gannet alpha platform. Greemnpeace reported the incident was around Aug 08 or 09 but was reported to the regulatory body 4 days later. BBC issued first video footage, which is ( first time that I see that) restricted for all foreign visitors on their webside and accesabke for UK citizens only Shell tries to play the incident down and claim first. a pipe connector from the well to the platform was broken. the well cut be shut down below (by a downhole valve) and everything would be already be fine again after the rest had of oil been pumped out of this connecting pipe.
Shell deployed remote operated vehicles to the platform- a submarine which as they say can repair the pipe.and oneships to clean up the oil spill.
Lies dont pay out and today the British government already spoke from the greatest oil disaster in the recent decades. some hundredthousand liters have already spilled into the Northern Sea.
and there is a second leak- so Shell claimed today but this one would be " in an difficult areal and at least currently NOT accessable. Hmmh what could that be? Has someone laid a pipe into an unaccessable areal on the seaground? Whats the problem? Rocks sharks, or both?
So let us riddle that problem.. Where could such an unaccessable leake be?? On the rigs itself ? no! Does the spill--- perharps...comes from the well itself, from subsea like that on last year in the gulf... you know what Imean....? is there no downhole safety valve as Shell claimed first? Was it maybe a blowout ( no wonder as Europe is currently volcanic very active). Last year 3 oil rigs had to be evacuated near Norway after an uncontrollable Blowout. But Norways oil rigs MUST have downhole safety valves, due to existing laws . But Norway is beside Brasil the only country which prescribes that downhole safety valve by law.
And that none of the oil tycoons would spent one cent on uncosts if not being forced to ,we known not yet since BP had icreated that mess in the Golf of Mexico last year.
<< BBC Gannet Alpha Oil Rig
BBC video from oil spill:
wikipedia has no article about that huge gannet oil field ( A- E)
VIDEO
click here and Google Earth will find aotomatically the Gannnet alpha oilfield.
VIDEO
56,600 Gallons of Oil Spilled in North Sea / Finish TV)
MAP OF ENTIRE ATLANTIC WITH ENLARGED MAP OF ICELAND
ATLANTIC earthquake notes begun on: August- 31- 2011- map will be improved the next days
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ATLANTIC ISLANDS- AZORES (PORTUGAL) AND CANARIES (SPAIN
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click here to open collapsible panel with links to almost 50 Canary islands webcams:
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click here to open and close register card
latest updates and history of seismic activity around El Hierro /begin: July- 2011)
latest largest Earthquake measured
M 3.9 - CANARY ISLANDDs2011-10-30 07:46 UTC
location:
27.79 N ; 18.04 W
Bay of Valle de`l Golfo(/El Hierro
depth
22 km
largest Earthquake measured since activity began:
M 4.3 - CANARY ISLANDS, SPAIN REGION - 2011-10-08 20:34 UTC
location:
27.65 N ; 18.02 W
near the coast of La Restinga
depth:
12 km
BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE ACTIVITIES:
significant events: Oct- 23- 31 -2011 ( continuing)
After a short rest seismic activities again increased after Oct- 23 and shifted to the North east of the island.
significant event: Oct- 12-2011
Subsea Volcanic Eruption Underway Near El Hierro (The Canary Islands)
laopionion.es
significant events: October - 08-2011
M 4.3 - CANARY ISLANDS, SPAIN REGION - 2011-10-08 20:34 UTC .
the 4.3 quake had the highest magnitude since the activity began in July 2011.
The quake occured near to the South East coast and was with a depth of 12 km very deep. THis quake occured on the island itself , close to the steep cliff remainent from where most of the earliest and largest crater once broke off and sank into the sea
El Hierro (The Canary Islands) Earthquake Count Nears 10,000
The IGN also confirmed surface deformations exceeding 35mm on the 280-sqkm island, where residents have been put on alert for a possible volcanic eruption.
The agency confirmed on Friday that 858 earthquakes, most of them located in the sea to the SW of the island, have been recorded in the 7 days since 30 September, 2011. During this period, 60 earthquakes were felt by the island’s estimated 10,000 residents. The strongest of the tremors measured 3.8 magnitude on the Richter Scale. ..read more..
significant events: SEP- 28- 30--2011
Last update on activity of the El Hierro volcano ( Sep- 29- 2011) see also links inside the register card!
A new "Earthquake swarms" began on Sep 27 after 8:00UTC with higher magnitudes than before. Until Sep- 29 more than 100 quakes were measured with an epicenter not far offshore in the bay of el Golfo ( itself the remainent of the former volcano crater) in a depth of 10 km , around the magma chamber of the El Hierro volcano
200 inhabitants were evacuated yet, as the shockwaves might cause landslides on the fragile dried out rocks. One tunnel was closed. The Spanish administration has issued yellow warning- due to the " traffic light" alert system in place in Spain the alert level 2 of 3. Inhabitants are asked to listen to radio and other current informations and keep all necessary things prepared for a possible evacuation at any time.
Aas visible the webcam of Las Puntas (above the el golfo valley) steams seems to a emmit from a large hole or cave- Its nor reported that it comes from the volcano system..
significant events: JULY 01- 31 -2011
intensive seismic tremor swarms began on and around the island and incressed
useful links:
Emergencias El Hierro. org
click here for my environmental blog for daily updates
El HIERRO updates by: volcano discovery :
ign.es( Insituto geographico nacional/Spain)
swarm- earthquakes/ distribution around El Hierro/begin: July- 2011
image: site of the subsea eruption observed after Oct- 08-2011
swarm
EL HIERRO- MARCH- 13- 2012
02- EL HIERRO- Canary Islands
find with Google Earth >
MARCH 13 - 2012:
unknown
click here for latest updates on El Hierro activity
About EL HIERRO ( by: Smithsonian institute): The triangular island of Hierro is the SW-most and least studied of the Canary Islands. The massive Hierro shield volcano is truncated by a large NW-facing escarpment formed as a result of gravitational collapse of El Golfo volcano about 130,000 years ago. The steep-sided 1500-m-high scarp towers above a low lava platform bordering 12-km-wide El Golfo Bay, and three other large submarine landslide deposits occur to the SW and SE. Three prominent rifts oriented NW, NE, and south at 120 degree angles form prominent topographic ridges. The subaerial portion of the volcano consists of flat-lying Quaternary basaltic and trachybasaltic lava flows and tuffs capped by numerous young cinder cones and lava flows. Holocene cones and flows are found both on the outer flanks and in the El Golfo depression. Hierro contains the greatest concentration of young vents in the Canary Islands. Uncertainty surrounds the report of an historical eruption in 1793.
last activity report- FEB- 29- MAR- 06- 2012 by::
Smithsonian/ USGS
Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN) reported that during 29 February-6 March the seismic amplitude detected by every IGN station in El Hierro remained at very low values. Neither water discoloration nor activity was observed on the sea surface over the emission area. On 5 March, the Scientific Committee stated that the submarine eruption was over, but the volcanic process that started on mid July 2011 had not finished. The Canary Islands Government lowered the Volcanic Alert Code from Red to Yellow, maintaining a maritime exclusion zone around the emission area.
Thirty four seismic events were located, most of them in the central part of the island, extending offshore to the S. Depths of the hypocenters varied between 7 and 24 km, and magnitudes were 0.1-2.1 (twenty eight events were magnitudes equal to or greater than 1). One of these events was felt by residents and had a maximum intensity value of II (EMS-98). GPS data did not show persistent trends in any horizontal or vertical components
you find actual activity reports in my environmental blog
remark: webcam was out of service on Oct- 27- 2011
- latest activity history :
NEW: video footage by CabildoEl Hierro:
year
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alert level
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Deutsch
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2011
NOV- 23
ongoing
Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN) reported that during 23-29 November the submarine eruption continued S of El Hierro Island. During this period, the mean amplitude of the tremor showed a slight increase. On 26 November large steaming fragments of lava appeared intermittently floating over the emission center. On 27 November, the emissions were more intense and a few hundred fragments could be observed floating simultaneously, with mean dimensions between 0.5 and 2 m. Some samples of the fragments were collected from a ship near the emission area.
During the period, 121 seismic events were located, most of them offshore to the N of the island at depths of 15-23 km and a maximum magnitude of 3.3. Seven of these events were felt by residents at a maximum intensity value of III using EMS-98 (European Macroseismic Scale). GPS data analyses trended towards stability in the horizontal components, while in the vertical component most of the stations showed subsidence while stations in the NE of the island also trended towards stability.
2011-
JULY- 16
NOV- 22
The Spanish Geographic Institute (IGN) reported that since 16 July, seismicity at Hierro was high above the background levels. Until 7 September more than 6,200 events had been located, most of them in the El Golfo area with hypocenters that were 10 km deep, all magnitudes were below 3. The seismic activity alternated between relatively calm periods and high-energy periods. GPS local network stations showed deformations of about 2 cm. High rates of carbon dioxide flux were measured in the anomalous area.
link to local authority:
IGN (Spain)
emergencias (Cabildo El Hierro)
AFCAN (Actualidad Volcánica de las Canarias)
El Hierro ( wikipedia)
^Webcam las Puntas / El Hierro/ Islas Canarias/ Spain
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NEW VOLCANO WEBCAMS ( El HIERRO/2012)
AARE THE CANARIES a supervolcano?
17- ETNA (ITA/ SICIL)- MAY 01- 2012
17 ETNA ( Italy- Sicily)
find with Google Earth >
MAY 08 - 2012
unknown(no further report)
About ETNA ( by: Smithsonian institute) Mount Etna, towering above Catania, Sicily's second largest city, has one of the world's longest documented records of historical volcanism, dating back to 1500 BC. Historical lava flows cover much of the surface of this massive basaltic stratovolcano, the highest and most voluminous in Italy. Two styles of eruptive activity typically occur at Etna. Persistent explosive eruptions, sometimes with minor lava emissions, take place from one or more of the three prominent summit craters, the Central Crater, NE Crater, and SE Crater. Flank eruptions, typically with higher effusion rates, occur less frequently and originate from fissures that open progressively downward from near the summit. A period of more intense intermittent explosive eruptions from Etna's summit craters began in 1995. The active volcano is monitored by the Instituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Volcanologia (INGV) in Catania.
last activity report- APRIL 26 - MAY 01 - 2012 by:
Smithsonioan inst/ world volcanism program)
Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo reported that the twenty-fifth paroxysmal eruptive episode since January 2011 took place at New SE Crater (New SEC) of Etna during the morning of 24 April following about 11 days of quiescence. During 21-22 April a series of small ash emissions observed by web cameras drifted downslope to the E. On 22 April prolonged emissions of white vapor rose from an area in the upper portion of the fissure that cuts the SE flank of the cone. At night several incandescent spots were visible on the NE and S crater rims, where hot gas heated the surrounding rocks. On 23 April a small thermal anomaly in the area of New SE Crater was produced by a tiny lava flow, which issued from the same vent that had produced the prolonged vapor emissions on the previous day. The lava flow slowly advanced a few hundred meters toward the Valle del Bove, but stagnated on the W rim. Another lava flow was produced later that day.
At around 1800 the effusive vent started to vigorously spatter. A second vent became active a few tens of meters further upslope, which initially ejected spatter, but activity rapidly evolved into frequent Strombolian explosions accompanied by a slow rise in the volcanic tremor amplitude. During the following hours, sporadic explosions were also observed from a vent located within the New SEC; the activity remained more or less consistent, while the volcanic tremor amplitude fluctuated at only slightly elevated levels. At 0210 0n 24 April the Strombolian activity showed a marked increase and turned into sustained lava fountaining at 0230. A plume with a heavy load of ash and lapilli rose a few kilometers, drifted NE, and produced ashfall 15-17 km NE in Linguaglossa, Piedimonte, and Presa. The upper part of the plume drifted E and produced pea-sized lapilli fall in the area between Fornazzo (10 km E) and Giarre (17 km E). The phase of most intense lava fountaining lasted approximately 25 minutes, from 0240 until 0305 on 24 April, after which the intensity rapidly decreased and returned to Strombolian activity, before ceasing completely around 0340.
click here for recent activity history
year
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alert level
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activity reports
2012
APR 12
MAY-01?
Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo reported that the twenty-fifth paroxysmal eruptive episode since January 2011 took place at New SE Crater (New SEC) of Etna during the morning of 24 April following about 11 days of quiescence. During 21-22 April a series of small ash emissions observed by web cameras drifted downslope to the E. On 22 April prolonged emissions of white vapor rose from an area in the upper portion of the fissure that cuts the SE flank of the cone. At night several incandescent spots were visible on the NE and S crater rims, where hot gas heated the surrounding rocks. On 23 April a small thermal anomaly in the area of New SE Crater was produced by a tiny lava flow, which issued from the same vent that had produced the prolonged vapor emissions on the previous day. The lava flow slowly advanced a few hundred meters toward the Valle del Bove, but stagnated on the W rim. Another lava flow was produced later that day.
At around 1800 the effusive vent started to vigorously spatter. A second vent became active a few tens of meters further upslope, which initially ejected spatter, but activity rapidly evolved into frequent Strombolian explosions accompanied by a slow rise in the volcanic tremor amplitude. During the following hours, sporadic explosions were also observed from a vent located within the New SEC; the activity remained more or less consistent, while the volcanic tremor amplitude fluctuated at only slightly elevated levels. At 0210 0n 24 April the Strombolian activity showed a marked increase and turned into sustained lava fountaining at 0230. A plume with a heavy load of ash and lapilli rose a few kilometers, drifted NE, and produced ashfall 15-17 km NE in Linguaglossa, Piedimonte, and Presa. The upper part of the plume drifted E and produced pea-sized lapilli fall in the area between Fornazzo (10 km E) and Giarre (17 km E). The phase of most intense lava fountaining lasted approximately 25 minutes, from 0240 until 0305 on 24 April, after which the intensity rapidly decreased and returned to Strombolian activity, before ceasing completely around 0340.
2012
APR- 01
APRIL 04?
Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo reported that the twenty-third paroxysmal eruptive episode since January 2011 took place at New SE Crater (New SEC) of Etna during the morning of 1 April following two weeks of quiescence. The episode was characterized by tall lava fountains from vents within the crater and on the SE flank of its cone, a gas-and-tephra plume, and lava flows descending toward the Valle del Bove. The paroxysmal phase lasted about 1.5 hours and ended just before daybreak. Ash and lapilli fell over the SE sector of the volcano, affecting mainly the area between Monterosso and Zafferana Etnea, but also the area between Acireale and Giarre, further downslope
2012
MAR-18
MAR- 20?
Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo reported that the twenty-second paroxysmal eruptive episode since January 2011 took place at New SE Crater (New SEC) of Etna during the morning of 18 March following two weeks of quiescence. Roaring from high-pressure degassing was heard on 16 March. The next day there was incandescence and multiple vapor clouds with minor ash content that rose from New SE Crater. In the early hours of 18 March the incandescence intensified due to Strombolian activity on the crater floor, and volcanic tremor amplitude rapidly increased. Strombolian activity continued to intensify, and just before 0700 lava flowed through the deep breach in the SE crater rim. At about 0825 the ash content in the gas plume rising from the crater became more significant and pulsating lava fountains from a vent on the crater floor rose about 100 m high. Shortly before 0900 two vents were active within the crater and a jet of lava was emitted from another vent within the breach in the SE crater rim.
During 0900-0915 lava fountaining was essentially continuous from all three vents. An intense shower of coarse-grained pyroclastic material falling onto the N and NE flanks of the cone generated avalanches and clouds of rock and dust, which traveled to the base of the cone. A plume rose 4-5 km above Etna and drifted E. Ash and lapilli fell mainly in the area between the villages of Zafferana Etnea and Sant'Alfio, extending toward the Ionian Sea between Riposto and Pozzillo.
The main lava flow descended the steep W slope of the Valle del Bove. Several lava lobes, however, took a more northerly path to areas covered with thick snow. The interaction of the lava and snow led to rapid melting of the snow, generating small lahars, and strong explosions that produced ground-hugging vapor-and-ash clouds resembling pyroclastic flows, which repeatedly descended on the floor of the Valle del Bove. The vapor-and-ash clouds rose 1-1.5 km above the floor of the Valle del Bove. This phenomenon continued intermittently for some time after the cessation of the lava fountaining and ash emission, until about 1130.
Lava fountaining and strong ash emission continued without significant variations until about 1040; afterwards the activity rapidly diminished in intensity, and the last ash clouds were observed around 1110. Similar to the previous episodes, the lava that flowed through the breach in the SE crater rim advanced for several hours after the cessation of the paroxysmal activity into the upper part of the Valle del Bove. The lava reached a distance of about 4 km from the source, stagnating S of Monte Centenari. A small lava flow, emitted from a fracture on the N flank of the cone, followed the same path as a flow emitted from the same fracture during the 4 March paroxysm, and traveled a few hundred meters.
2012
MAR- 04
MAR- 07?
Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo reported that the third episode of lava fountaining from Etna's New Southeast Crater (New SEC) occurred on the morning of 4 March and was more explosive than the preceding episode. The beginning of the eruption was characterized by a rapid increase in volcanic tremor amplitude coincident with Strombolian explosions that increased in intensity and frequency. Just after 0800 lava overflowed the deep breach in the SE rim of the crater and reached the SE base of the cone within 15 minutes, then advanced towards the W rim of the Valle del Bove. Explosive activity changed to continuous lava fountaining and an eruption plume developed at about 0830. Large pyroclasts fell on the steep flanks of the cone, causing avalanches.
At about 0850 small pyroclastic flows generated by the partial collapse of the eruption column mainly descended the NE flank, and somewhat down the S flank. A lava flow was emitted from a new eruptive vent on the upper SW flank of the New SEC cone and descended into the saddle between the old and new SEC cones. The lava interacted with snow, causing powerful explosions and small pyroclastic flows. These phreatic explosions generated jets of vapor and launched rock fragments to distances of several tens of meters. A lahar developed which traveled toward the "Belvedere" monitoring station, on the W rim of the Valle del Bove, and passed a few tens of meters to the N of the monitoring instruments.
A lava flow also issued from an eruptive fissure on the upper N flank of the cone and descended a few hundred meters to the NE, surrounding the N base of the cone. After descending the steep W slope of the Valle del Bove, the flow split into several branches on the more gently sloping terrain. These branches exceeded in length those of 9 February, reaching a total distance of about 3.5 km from the crater. Shortly after 1000, the activity started to diminish; lava fountaining ceased at 1032, two hours after the onset of the paroxysmal phase. The lava flow emitted from the fissure on the SW flank of the cone continued advancing for a few hours after the cessation of the activity.
The eruption column rose several kilometers above the summit of Etna. Ash and lapilli were carried NE by the wind, affecting the areas around Piedimonte, Etneo, and Taormina. Fine ash fell as far as the Messina area and southern Calabria. Again, the pyroclastic cone of the New SEC had grown in height, mainly on its N rim.
update- FEB 14- 2012>
Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo reported that on 8 February the New SE Crater (New SEC) of Etna entered another paroxysmal eruption episode after about 12 days of Strombolian activity. During the afternoon of 8 February, the Strombolian activity increased in both frequency and intensity of explosions from the vent on the W portion of the crater floor, and occasionally from a vent to the E. After about 1900, lava began to spill into the deep breach on the SE crater rim and then descended to the base of the cone. The lava flow expanded around 2100 and the Strombolian activity slowly increased, turning into a discontinuous lava fountain around 2330.
On 9 February the pulsating lava fountain rose 100-500 m above the crater before a continuous jet rising 300-400 m above the crater. A cloud with a small amount of tephra rose 6 km above the summit and then drifted W, producing some pyroclastic fallout that was on the upper portion of the volcano. Around 0200 and 0400, lava fountains from the two vents within the crater rose as high as 500 m above the crater. The fountain from the E vent caused abundant fallout on the crater rim and E flank. A third vent, located in the breach cutting the SE crater rim, produced sporadic violent explosions that ejected bombs many meters in diameter all over the E portion of the cone.
The lava flow reached the W rim around 0130, descended the flank, and branched into three different flows that reached a distance of 3 km from the New SEC. Lava fountaining started to diminish around 0530, and then around 0545 sporadic jets rose as high as 300 m above the crater. At the same time, the vent in the SE crater breach produced strong explosions that again ejected bombs many meters in diameter. These explosions generated loud bangs that were heard all over Etna and small ash emissions that were reported on the W portion of Bocca Nuova. Around 0900 activity started to diminish and ceased abruptly at 1000.
2012
JAN- 27
FEB- 14?
Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo reported that an explosion at the New Southeast Crater (New SEC) of Etna generated an ash plume at that rose 400 m above the crater at 1906 on 27 January. An explosive ash emission at 1124 from the vent on the W portion of the crater floor was followed by others that were less intense. At 2140 an explosion ejected incandescent material in a narrow vertical jet that rose a few tens of meters above the crater. A small Strombolian explosion occurred at 2231. On 28 January sporadic ash emissions continued from New SEC.
2012
JAN- 04
JAN-10?
Sezione di Catania - Osservatorio Etneo reported that on the night of 4 January the New SE Crater (New SEC) of Etna entered another paroxysmal eruption episode after about 50 days of quiescence. Several hours of Strombolian activity were observed on the SE and NE slopes starting at 2230 on 4 January. This activity continued into the early morning of 5 January when (around 0200) a small lava flow spread out into several branches at the SE base of the cone. Strombolian activity increased around 0400, generating lava fountains, from several vents within the crater that rose 100-150 m above the crater.
Significant ashfall and pyroclastic material fell onto the flanks at 0450 on 5 January. Around 0515 lava fountains generated a continuous eruption of ash-and-gas plumes that rose to an altitude of 2.1-2.4 km (7,000-8,000 ft) a.s.l. Small pyroclastic flows went a few hundred meters and lahars traveled down the NE, E, and S flanks of the cone. Around 0600 active vents along the N edge of the New SEC produced intermittent lava fountains. The most intense phase of the eruption occurred around 0620 when a strong explosion opened a vent on the top side of the SE cone, removed a portion of the SE crater rim, and generated ash plumes. The N slope of New SEC showed gravitational movement due to the amount of deposited pyroclastic material. Around 0630 activity started to diminish and ceased abruptly at 0730, but was followed by passive ash emissions that lasted until 0830.
SORRY! unfortunately, all activity reports of 2011 were unintentendly deleted resp disappeared during the lastsite modification.!
2010
DEC- 19
JAN- 20?
After a few hours of quiescence on the evening of 3 January, very weak emissions of incandescent material (probably mostly hot gas with little or no solid material) resumed from the pit crater located on the lower E flank of Etna's Southeast Crater cone. Later that evening intense incandescence from the pit crater was reported by observers in the village of S. Alfio on the E flank of Etna. The emissions continued on 4 January at a rate of 4-6 events per hour, producing small plumes that appeared as thermal anomalies in thermal video footage. Activity ceased in the afternoon. Very weak emissions of incandescent material (probably again mostly hot gas) were observed on 5 January at the same rate as the previous day. A camera recorded white vapor plumes occasionally accompanied by some grayish-brown ash. Weak, intermittent incandescence from the pit crater was observed at night during 5-6 January. Emissions on 6 January occurred at a frequency of 3-4 events per hour, producing small plumes seen in thermal camera footage. That same day, intense degassing occurred from the W vent of Bocca Nuova (BN-1), and from the Northeast Crater, where pulsating emissions produced mushroom-shaped vapor plumes.
media sources:
link to local authority:
INGV-CT
vent
Mount Etna/ Sicil ( wikipedia)
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22- SANTORINI Cycladic Islands/ Greece)
find with Google Earth >
JAN- 31- 2012
unknown activity( volcanic inflation)
About SANTORIN ( by: Smithsonian institute)Renowned Santorini (Thera), with its steep-walled caldera rim draped by whitewashed villages overlooking an active volcanic island in the center of a caldera bay, is one of the scenic highlights of the Aegean. The circular island group is composed of overlapping shield volcanoes cut by at least four partially overlapping calderas. The oldest southern caldera was formed about 180,000 years before present (BP), followed by the Skaros caldera about 70,000 years BP, and then the Cape Riva caldera about 21,000 years BP. The youngest caldera formed about 3600 years BP during the Late-Bronze-Age Minoan eruption that forced abandonment of the thriving Aegean Sea island. Post-Minoan eruptions beginning in 197 BC constructed a series of lava domes and flows that form two islands near the center of the caldera. A submarine eruption took place in 1650 AD outside the caldera NE of Thera. The latest eruption at Santorini produced a small lava dome and flow in 1950, accompanied by explosive activity.
last activity report- JANUARY 25- 31- 2012 by:
volcano discovery.com(...read more...
Dr. Euthimis Lekkas, geologist from the National Athens University, gave a TV interview this morning, essentially confirming what has been written here earlier and expressed by other scientists as well:
The current earthquakes in the Cretan Sea 50 km SW of Santorini are on a different fault lines than the volcanic system of Santorini itself, in an area of intersecting NW-SE and NE-SW faults. The seismic energy is being depleted with a lowering intensity and number of earthquakes.
About the volcano, Lekkas mentioned that there is small inflation in the caldera with a small fluctuation in the temperature of emitted gasses, pointing out that the current activity is SMALL and "shouldn't worry anyone". Under no circumstances we should expect a large eruption
Smithsonioan inst/ world volcanism program)
no activity report by USGS yet.
media sources:
link to local authority:
Santorin 3 D ( wikipedia)
Santorin ( wikipedia)
THERA/ Historical explosion / about 1500- 1650 B.C(. sources)
Minoan eruption (wikipedia)
Disaster Archeology/ Historical explosion/ 1650 BC.
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parked panel - 2010
latest activity history :
last known status:
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2010
AUG- 28-
Sep 10
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